Based on the average observed choline intake in healthy population in the EU, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published dietary reference values for choline in 2016.
Choline plays an important role in the human body, in particular for the maintenance of normal liver function, heart function and cognitive health. Choline deficiency can have adverse effects, including liver and muscle damage.
The dietary reference values for choline are as follows:
- 400 mg for adults and adolescents
- 140 – 340 mg for childred (1-14 years)
- 160 mg for infants
- 480 mg for pregnant woman
- 520 mg for lactating woman.
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